---
title: Examples
description: Python code examples demonstrating modules, bindings, and SDK usage in Workers.
image: https://developers.cloudflare.com/dev-products-preview.png
---

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# Examples

Cloudflare has a wide range of Python examples in the [Workers Example gallery](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/examples/?languages=Python).

In addition to those examples, consider the following ones that illustrate Python-specific behavior.

## Modules in your Worker

Let's say your Worker has the following structure:

```
├── src│   ├── module.py│   └── main.py├── uv.lock├── pyproject.toml└── wrangler.toml
```

In order to import `module.py` in `main.py`, you would use the following import statement:

Python

```
import module
```

In this case, the main module is set to `src/main.py` in the wrangler.toml file like so:

TOML

```
main = "src/main.py"
```

This means that the `src` directory does not need to be specified in the import statement.

## Parse an incoming request URL

Python

```
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Responsefrom urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):    async def fetch(self, request):        # Parse the incoming request URL        url = urlparse(request.url)        # Parse the query parameters into a Python dictionary        params = parse_qs(url.query)
        if "name" in params:            greeting = "Hello there, {name}".format(name=params["name"][0])            return Response(greeting)

        if url.path == "/favicon.ico":          return Response("")
        return Response("Hello world!")
```

## Parse JSON from the incoming request

Python

```
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response
class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):    async def fetch(self, request):        body = await request.json()  # returns a native Python dict        name = body["name"]        return Response("Hello, {name}".format(name=name))
```

## Return a JSON response

Python

```
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response
class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):    async def fetch(self, request):        data = {"greeting": "Hello, World!", "status": "ok"}        return Response.json(data)
```

## Read bundled asset files in your Worker

Let's say your Worker has the following structure:

```
├── src│   ├── file.html│   └── main.py└── wrangler.jsonc
```

In order to read a file in your Worker, you would do the following:

Python

```
from pathlib import Pathfrom workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response
class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):    async def fetch(self, request):        html_file = Path(__file__).parent / "file.html"        return Response(html_file.read_text(), headers={"Content-Type": "text/html"})
```

## Emit logs from your Python Worker

Python

```
# To use the JavaScript console APIsfrom js import consolefrom workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response# To use the native Python loggingimport logging
class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):    async def fetch(self, request):        # Use the console APIs from JavaScript        # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/console        console.log("console.log from Python!")
        # Alternatively, use the native Python logger        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
        # The default level is warning. We can change that to info.        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
        logger.error("error from Python!")        logger.info("info log from Python!")
        # Or just use print()        print("print() from Python!")
        return Response("We're testing logging!")
```

## Publish to a Queue

Python

```
from js import Objectfrom pyodide.ffi import to_js as _to_js
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response
# to_js converts between Python dictionaries and JavaScript Objectsdef to_js(obj):   return _to_js(obj, dict_converter=Object.fromEntries)
class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):    async def fetch(self, request):        # Bindings are available on the 'env' attribute        # https://developers.cloudflare.com/queues/
        # The default contentType is "json"        # We can also pass plain text strings        await self.env.QUEUE.send("hello", contentType="text")        # Send a JSON payload        await self.env.QUEUE.send(to_js({"hello": "world"}))
        # Return a response        return Response.json({"write": "success"})
```

## Query a D1 Database

Python

```
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response
class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):    async def fetch(self, request):        results = await self.env.DB.prepare("PRAGMA table_list").run()        # Return a JSON response        return Response.json(results)
```

Refer to [Query D1 from Python Workers](https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/examples/query-d1-from-python-workers/) for a more in-depth tutorial that covers how to create a new D1 database and configure bindings to D1.

## Durable Object

Python

```
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response, DurableObjectfrom pyodide.ffi import to_js
class List(DurableObject):    async def get_messages(self):        messages = await self.ctx.storage.get("messages")        return messages if messages else []
    async def add_message(self, message):        messages = await self.get_messages()        messages.append(message)        await self.ctx.storage.put("messages", to_js(messages))        return
    async def say_hello(self):        result = self.ctx.storage.sql.exec(            "SELECT 'Hello, World!' as greeting"        ).one()
        return result.greeting
```

Refer to [Durable Objects documentation](https://developers.cloudflare.com/durable-objects/get-started/) for more information.

## Cron Trigger

Python

```
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint
class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):    async def scheduled(self, controller, env, ctx):        # All four parameters (self, controller, env, ctx) are required —        # unlike fetch() which only takes (self, request).        print("cron processed")
```

Refer to [Cron Triggers documentation](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/configuration/cron-triggers/) for more information.

## Workflows

Python

```
from workers import WorkflowEntrypoint
class MyWorkflow(WorkflowEntrypoint):    async def run(self, event, step):        @step.do()        async def step_a():            # do some work            return 10
        @step.do()        async def step_b():            # do some work            return 20
        @step.do(concurrent=True)        async def my_final_step(step_a, step_b):            # should return 30            return step_a + step_b
        await my_final_step()
```

Refer to the [Python Workflows documentation](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workflows/python/) for more information.

## More Examples

Or you can clone [the examples repository ↗](https://github.com/cloudflare/python-workers-examples) to explore even more examples:

Terminal window

```
git clone https://github.com/cloudflare/python-workers-examples
```

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