SQL Update

All the values provided to .set()are parameterized automatically. For example, this query:

await db.update(users).set({ name: "Mr. Dan" }).where(eq(users.name, "Dan"));

will be translated to:

update "users" set "name" = $1 where "users"."name" = $2; -- params: ['Mr. Dan', 'Dan']

The object that you pass to update should have keys that match column names in your database schema. Values of undefined are ignored in the object: to set a column to null, pass null.

await db.update(users)
  .set({ name: 'Mr. Dan' })
  .where(eq(users.name, 'Dan'));

await db.update(users)
  .set({ name: null })
  .where(eq(users.name, 'Dan'));

You can pass SQL as a value to be used in the update object, like this:

await db.update(users)
  .set({ updatedAt: sql`NOW()` })
  .where(eq(users.name, 'Dan'));

Returning

You can update a row and get it back in PostgreSQL:

const updatedUserId = await db.update(users).set({ name: "Mr. Dan" }).where(eq(users.name, "Dan")).returning({ updatedId: users.id });
//      ^ { updatedId: number | null }[]

update "users" set "name" = 'Mr. Dan' where "users"."name" = 'Dan' returning "id";

`with update` clause

Check how to use WITH statement with select, insert, delete

Using the with clause can help you simplify complex queries by splitting them into smaller subqueries called common table expressions (CTEs):

const averagePrice = db.$with('average_price').as(
	db.select({ value: sql`avg(${products.price})`.as('value') }).from(products)
);

const result = await db.with(averagePrice)
	.update(products)
	.set({
		cheap: true
	})
	.where(lt(products.price, sql`(select * from ${averagePrice})`))
	.returning({
		id: products.id
	});

with "average_price" as (select avg("price") as "value" from "products") 
update "products" set "cheap" = true 
where "products"."price" < (select * from "average_price") 
returning "id"

Update … from

As PostgreSQL documentation states:

A table expression allowing columns from other tables to appear in the WHERE condition and update expressions

await db
  .update(users)
  .set({ cityId: cities.id })
  .from(cities)
  .where(and(eq(cities.name, 'Seattle'), eq(users.name, 'John')))

update "users" set "city_id" = "cities"."id" 
from "cities" 
where (("cities"."name" = 'Seattle') and ("users"."name" = 'John'))

You can also alias tables that are joined (you can also alias the updating table too).

const c = alias(cities, 'c');
await db
  .update(users)
  .set({ cityId: c.id })
  .from(c);

update "users" set "city_id" = "c"."id" 
from "cities" "c"

In Postgres, you can also return columns from the joined tables.

const updatedUsers = await db
  .update(users)
  .set({ cityId: cities.id })
  .from(cities)
  .returning({ id: users.id, cityName: cities.name });

update "users" set "city_id" = "cities"."id" 
from "cities" 
returning "users"."id", "cities"."name"

SQL Update

Returning

with update clause

Update … from

`with update` clause